Welcome. Here we take the time to understand before investing. No hype, no FOMO — just educational, sourced and honest articles about uncertainty.
UTXOs, binary structure, the Script language, output families, witness and malleability: we take apart a real 222-byte Bitcoin transaction, field by field, until you can read it with the naked eye.
In 2025, Bitcoin Core lifted OP_RETURN's data limit. BIP-110 is the pushback: a temporary soft-fork to re-cap arbitrary data. Here's what it changes technically, how it activates at 55% — and why it exposes the real question: who gets to decide Bitcoin's rules?
readFinal episode: we leave France. United States, Netherlands, Switzerland, Norway — how others fund their pensions, what is singular about France, and why the “sovereign fund that pays the pensions” is a myth.
readBehind the big schemes hides a gallery of tiny ones: Opera ballet dancers retiring at 42, the Comédie-Française, the Banque de France, notaries' clerks. Minuscule in headcount, they reveal the often-forgotten logic of the 2023 reform.
readBorn in 1673 under Colbert, the seafarers' scheme is the doyen of French pensions — still open, more than 80% funded by the State, and built on a unique logic: you contribute not on your wage, but on a flat-rate scale by category.
readThe most media-covered scheme is also the best textbook case: its rules, its State subsidy, and above all what “closing a scheme” means over fifty years — a slow wind-down, not an immediate saving.
readOften confused with SNCF's, the electricity and gas workers' scheme differs on one decisive point: it receives no State subsidy. How it's really funded (yes, the CTA levy on your bill), and the funded layer — the PERO — sitting on top.
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